New and Digital #2

YouTube ad revenues tipped to jump 51% to $5.6bn in 2013

Marketer expects video service to account for 11.1% of parent company Google's ad revenues this year

Google has never revealed how much money YouTube makes since buying the online video service for $1.65bn in 2006. That doesn't stop analysts and research firms taking guesses.
The latest is eMarketer, which has published its first estimates for YouTube's advertising revenues today. The company predicts that YouTube's gross ad revenues will rise 51.4% to $5.6bn in 2013, accounting for 11.1% of Google's total.

Once YouTube has paid ad partners and video creators their share, its net ad revenues are still expected to reach $1.96bn this year, up 65.5% compared to 2012's $1.18bn.
eMarketer has also broken out YouTube's net ad revenues in the US, estimating that they'll reach $1.08bn in 2013, with $850m of those coming from video advertisements. The company thinks this will give YouTube a 20.5% share of all US video advertising revenues for the year.

"Predicts", "estimates", "thinks" – this is all guesswork, so why should people trust eMarketer's analysis? The company says it is informed guesswork based on "hundreds of datapoints and studies about YouTube revenues, ad impressions, rates, usage and other factors collected from research firms, investment banks, company reports and interviews with industry executives".

youtube's ads and revenues are expected to rise so much when this year has ended, The company feels that YouTube's gross ad revenues will rise 51.4% to $5.6billion in 2013 accounting for 11% of googles total. They've paid there ad partners and video creators their share. This shows how popular people in the society believe internet is, as millions of people especially know when they want to listen to a song the first stop they'd go to is youtube. Therefore businesses/companies realise that if they advertise on youtube they'll be able to increase the awareness of what they're advertising to their customers. In return it's a big advantage for YouTube as they are able to receive high revenue for the amount of people who want to advertise on a popular site where majority of the public are immune to going on.




 

Pareto's Law

1) Pareto's law is also known as the 80/20 rule, the law of the vital few, and the principle of factor sparsity. States that for many events, roughly 80% of the effects come from 20% of the causes.  The rule means that in anything a few 20% are vital and the majority which is 80% are trivial. In Pareto's law it means 20% of the people owned 80% of the wealth. For example, managers know that 20% of the work consume 80% of the time and resources. Therefore, you can apply the 80/20 rule to anything. 

2) 80% of companies profits come from 20% of it' customers. 80% of the media are controlled by 20% of the institutions/companies. And 80% of company's profits come from 20%of customers.  

3) Micorsoft owns both outlook and skype. Google owns android, Google+, youtube and blogger. Yahoo owns tumblr. 

4) Twitter, blogger and tumblr are false at times.They come from people who utter anything, and say whatever they want to which gives people false beliefs.

5) It applys to the content we read online because we are the majority who consume the text. As we are 80% of the people who are reading where as, 20% is owned by the people. 

New and digital media #1

Materialism: 

'Buying more stuff is associated with depression, anxiety and broken relationships. It is socially destructive and self-destructive.'

That they are crass, brash and trashy goes without saying. But there is something in the pictures posted on Rich Kids of Instagram (andhighlighted by the Guardian last week) that inspires more than the usual revulsion towards crude displays of opulence. There is a shadow in these photos – photos of a young man wearing all four of his Rolex watches, a youth posing in front of his helicopter, endless pictures of cars, yachts, shoes, mansions, swimming pools and spoilt white boys throwing gangster poses in private jets – of something worse: something that, after you have seen a few dozen, becomes disorienting, even distressing.

The pictures are, of course, intended to incite envy. They reek instead of desperation. The young men and women seem lost in their designer clothes, dwarfed and dehumanised by their possessions, as if ownership has gone into reverse. A girl's head barely emerges from the haul of Chanel, Dior and Hermes shopping bags she has piled on her vast bed. It's captioned "shoppy shoppy" and "#goldrush", but a photograph whose purpose is to illustrate plenty seems instead to depict a void. She's alone with her bags and her image in the mirror, in a scene that seems saturated with despair.

Perhaps I'm projecting my prejudices. But an impressive body of psychological research seems to support these feelings. It suggests that materialism, a trait that can afflict both rich and poor, and which the researchers define as "a value system that is preoccupied with possessions and the social image they project", is both socially destructive and self-destructive. It smashes the happiness and peace of mind of those who succumb to it. It's associated with anxiety, depression and broken relationships.

There has long been a correlation observed between materialism, a lack of empathy and engagement with others, and unhappiness. But research conducted over the past few years seems to show causation. For example, aseries of studies published in the journal Motivation and Emotion in July showed that as people become more materialistic, their wellbeing (good relationships, autonomy, sense of purpose and the rest) diminishes. As they become less materialistic, it rises.

In one study, the researchers tested a group of 18-year-olds, then re-tested them 12 years later. They were asked to rank the importance of different goals – jobs, money and status on one side, and self-acceptance, fellow feeling and belonging on the other. They were then given a standard diagnostic test to identify mental health problems. At the ages of both 18 and 30, materialistic people were more susceptible to disorders. But if in that period they became less materialistic, they became happier.


The more people become materialistic and buy more things, as in the world today many people are immune and pressurised and see it as a norm to buy designer clothes and shoes etc. 
However, the journal motivation and emotion in July shows that as people become more materialistic and keep consistently upgraded to technology and always buying high quality designer expensive clothes, their well-being which includes relationships, autonomy, sense of purpose and the rest it all falls out of place. As there mind is focussed on the money, and clothes etc they become more immune and find no time for there loved ones. Therefore, the less materialistic they are the happier they become. 

Cultivation theory developed by Professor George Gerbner, he began the 'Cultural Indicators' research project in the mid-1960s, to study whether and how watching television may influence viewers' ideas of what the everyday world is like, cultivation theorists argue that television has long-term effects which are significant. In lesson we analysed and closely took a look at the 10 minute video of top boy, looking at the positive aspects of young people and the negative aspects they may be presenting towards the audience. And from these when I identified an aspect from the short clip I would mark a point. As a result altogether, it came to the positive aspects being twenty two and the negative aspect of young people being 25. This evidently shows the audience today how many negative things they may find in the clip and that the world may not be as they seem. Videos like this can create opportunities for youths today to identify how other people live their lives and everything perhaps isn't as it seems from their perspective. The two youths in the clip are represented as caring for each other’s needs and being there for each other as friends, but it shows a stereotypical teen side to them as for an example: when the two young boys go to the supermarket they come across a woman and view them as a ‘sex object’ as they are looking at her in a different way. When the woman goes away they use foul terms and describe her in an inappropriate way, from this specific clip if an adult was watching this they would straight away conclude that all teenage boys are like that which a huge stereotype they would relatively agree with is. Because series like these are broadcasted to a lot to the public where teenage boys are there to entertain people their same age, hence why people today stick to the stereotypical belief that all of the same group are similar. 

Yasmin

Does it offer a positive or negative representation of British Muslims? 

To being with the clip Yasmin may start-up with a negative representation of the Muslims that were being presented, for an example when the mosque prayers started at the beginning of the day that's when the morning started for the Muslims. And we were introduced into seeing how they start there day off by looking at the different characters. One of the characters owns a shop and there shutter had graffiti on it which said 'paki go away'. This already significantly shows that they are not accepted of who they are in their community, and they are not wanted there because of being a Muslim. But they didn't respond in an angry manner, they quietly scrubbed the graffiti off. However, there could be a positive as when the morning prayers began it was like a wake-up call for the people in the community and it's positive as it's something different and religious they are being represented as peaceful. Another negative aspect which was represented was the woman Yasmin, when she heard the prayers she took of her hijab and full length clothing and had a top and jeans underneath this is showing she is going into a western lifestyle and choosing to ignore her religious beliefs. However, there is a positive presentation of the woman Yasmin when she is wearing her hijab and scarf and driving the car she get's stopped by the police. Instead of shouting and saying to them why are you stopping me? Is it because I'm Muslim? Why are you being racist? Instead of pointing these things out, she willingly knew what she had to show giving proof of ID, driving licence and informed the police that she didn't consume alcohol. This has a negative representation of the white people as they are the ones who under subtext are being racist, and for example went Yasmin went to the pub she chose to abide by her religion standings and consumed orange juice, but the white people in the pub were staring at her through the facial expressions. Perhaps because they are find it weird or don't want to accept a British Muslim in there community.

To what extent, does it reinforce or challenge Said's theory of orientalism (the difference between east and west) that the west is superior to the exotic or dangerous east?

Orientalism is the difference between east and west, Edward Said who was born in 1935 and passed away in 2003 argued that the west constructed the meaning of the east and it was different, dangerous and uncivilised. Even though he used this theory in the 70s it is more relevant in today's society as the 9/11 bombings took place.  In the clip of Yasmin it reinforces Said's theory as in the first clip we could see the difference between the east and the west. The west don't want to accept the Muslims in their community as they feel they don't or shouldn't belong in their country. This is evident as for an example, in the video on the gates of the Muslim's there was graffiti on the shutter named 'paki' this is showing the difference between the two. However, it seemingly challenges the stereotype of naming the east cast as dangerous as in Yasmin they are seen as peaceful because in the morning the prayers commence and everyone quietly does their work and go do their jobs quietly without making loud noises or causing any trouble. However, the white people in her are depicted as the rude ones by the way they are treating the Muslims for an example, the police stopped Yasmin and questioned her because she's supposedly Muslim but instead of reacting in a rude way and having a go at the police she calmly did what she was told even before the questions began. So this in a way challenges the theory of Said and shows a different side to the west instead of depicting them as a dangerous cast they are shown as peaceful naive people who are being wrongly accused. Blumer and Kats theory (surveillance) we are learning different elements of the religion.

Personal response: Representation question- Why might some people in the media object to Robin Thicke's song and video for blurred lines?

WWW- good depth, use of theory and wider issues/debates

EBI- look again at McRobbie, would she oppose this video?

LR- consider again how Butler + McRobbie might respond to this video?

Well Butler's views are that traditional feminists are wrong to divide society into 'men' and 'women' and says gender is not biologically fixed. He believes that by dividing men and women, feminists accidently reinforced the idea of differences between the two genders.He says that male and female behaviour is socially constructed rather than the result of biology. Therefore in response to Robin's song and video of Blurred lines I believe he would be strongly against, as it's representing as females being some sort of dolls and they are allowing men to control them. The men have a higher authority in this video, as they are wearing suits but the women are depicted as the lower ones because they are either naked or wearing very little clothes.This is therefore how the behaviour is being constructed. And people view this as the same, because men are stereotypically head of the house and the bread winners, whereas the females are the housewives and have to listen to the men. This is showing that men, dominate over women and society are the ones that are depicting the difference between men and women therefore Butler would be against this video.
McRobbie highlights the empowering nature of magazines such as cosmopolitan and glamour, taking a different perspective to traditional feminists.

Post-colonialism

The daily mail states that "it was an unpleasant mix of contempt, misanthropy and thinly disguised racism". In the opening ceremony this was supposed to be a representation of how the current generation is now but as the organisers found an educated white middle-aged mother and black father living together with a happy family they thought this was a set-up. Colonialism was a period of history in the 15th centuries when people declared that there land was their, they had power and made money from the national resources.Post-colonialism is what has happened since the 1950 empire, that now Britain is a multi-cultural country. In the last 60 years people from around the world have been coming here as refugees or to stay in a safer country, we are as multi-cultural as we'll ever be in the societies but some still view that Britain was how it was 60 years ago. Because for an example, if a white British was to travel abroad to a place like India they would be treated with a lot of respect and have a higher status. They'd be invited to big luxury restaurants and hotels ect. Therefore, not many people still consider Britain as being 'equal'. Therefore, when it comes to the Olympic opening ceremony the media such as the daily mail was against this and really conclude that this is not how the multi-cultural society is depicted today. For an example, the theorists Alvarado (1987) stated the key themes in racial representation about black people.

Exotic- traditional clothes, carnivals. Dangerous- gangs, drugs. Humorous- comedians, sidekicks. The one I found interesting was Pitied where in the Comic Relief white people help the black people in places like Afria who are stuck in poverty. This is not a set-up as it's celebrities and white people who are making a show and donating as much money possible to help the people in need. Moreover, as we are living in a multi-cultural society this allows different cultures to mix in very well and usually different races tend to get married. There are happy black and white people living together today, just because it's depicted in the media as different doesn't mean realistically it doesn't happen. We don't live in the past, but in the presence. 

Feminism: the end of man?

To what extent do you agree with Rosin's hypothesis that women are taking over modern society? Give examples in your response. 

To an extent you can say Rosin's hypothesis that women are taking over this modern society in the 2013. As there are many backed arguments for this statement. For an example, 100's of years ago or so women weren't allowed to do as much as men obviously. Men were the 'workers' and women had to stay at home to look after the children and do house duties. But now statistics have backed this statement up because "most children born to women under 30 are born to single mothers: women now earn nearly 60 per cent of college degrees in America: and, for the first time in US history, the balance of the workforce has tipped towards women". This clearly shows that hard working women who want to do well in there life and take a step forward are being shown, and this shows how they're gradually taking over this modern society.
Further more it states how "40,000 more women than men applied to university and women currently outnumber men." The current figures show that since the economic crisis there are three unemployed men to every two women. And that women's earnings have risen 44% compared to a measly 6% of men. This evidently shows how women are doing better than men in this society.

However the drawback to this statement is that these are just a few statistics of 'outnumbering men'. In the UK one man said that If she put on the TV now most of the politicians interviewed were men, and most of the bankers interviewed were men, and most of the lawyers interviewed were men. She might also notice that most of the people interviewing them were men. But In my opinion, that is only on some news channels in the UK. The weather reporters include women, BBC news reports include women and excluding the political area in the music industry women are doing far better than men. An e.g Adele  who is number 1 and outnumbered men! In the article against this statement it states "she has very little to say about the fact stressed in most studies of gender in the US workforce: namely that women's pay still lags far behind that of men, across the board, with women's salaries averaging 20% less than those of their male counterparts.This is evidently showing that men are earning way more than women, so technically they are not taking over the modern society. But in my opinion I feel they're working twice as hard to earn the wages they can do. The article further says "The world doesn't flip upside down overnight, Men have been in charge for 40 thousand years, and women have started edging them for about forty." This shows that men have taken the lead.

Can we find examples in modern media that support Rosin's suggestion that women are taking charge? 


U.S Department of Labor, women make up 51% of management, professional and related occupations, at Fortune 500 companies, account for 2% of the CEOS. 15.6% of corporate officers and 14.6% of the board of directors. 

Women are challenge as stereotypes 'negatively'. For an example, they are immune to be expected or seen as sitting at home looking after their children. However, examples that prove women are taking in charge by a women called 'Margaret Thatcher' who was Britain's first prime minister (female) she is an inspiration to many here still such as feminist who believe they can be fully involved in politics and get there name heard. And other examples are there are currently priministers who are females across the globe such as Bangladesh.

Judith Butler's approach to feminism

He believes that traditional feminists are wrong to divide society into 'men' and 'women' and says gender is not biologically fixed (expected to be like that). By dividing men and women, feminists accidentally reinforce the idea of differences between the two genders. Butler believes gender roles are a 'performance' and that male and female behavior is socially constructed rather than the result of biology. (people view it as the same).

Feminism: essential reading

Was the twitter boycott an appropriate response to the on-line threats prominent women were receiving? 

Twitter is used by millions of people worldwide, with more than 554,750,000 active users. 135,000 are signing up on twitter daily and with an average of 58 million tweets per day! With thousands of woman not using twitter for a day, it must not have made a huge difference if they wanted there voices heard they should have not used twitter for more than a few weeks.. This would've made a huge difference, because it is bringing on-line threats and it's raising the awareness they want to show!

Should twitter have done more in response to those threats?

In the article it states: "But what remains is the simple and essential fact: right now it's possible to threaten rape and kill women online without any consequences. Behavior can and does change. When 'Lord McAlpines successfully sued prominent tweeters for libel, Twitter woke up a bit." In the article it further states that "The boycott has already worked, Because Twitter (the company) is nervy and watching it's back.In my opinion I feel Twitter could have done something if the threats were major, for example if they really wanted to be heard they would've not used twitter for a longer- period of time. Then it's right if twitter responds because this is showing how much they want to be heard. Therefore I don't feel Twitter should have done more in response to those threats.

Should young women in 2013 take an interest in feminism? Do young women need to 'reclaim' feminism? 

Feminism means the advocacy of women's rights on the grounds of political, social, and economic equality to men! In the article it states 'women should not be subject to rape and death threats'. Which is true they shouldn't be subject to that, and as women are not physically powerful as men this is taken advantage off. But as the question raised is whether or not young women currently should take an interest in feminism, I agree they should. If a women wants to do something different from how they are stereo typically viewed us they should. Without having raised eyebrows or people telling them not to. If a woman doesn't want to get married and wants to have a successful job like any many does they should have the right to do so. Taking an interest in feminism is useful as this gives a new point-of-view on society, when eliminating old assumptions about why things are the way they are, and looking at it from the perspective that women are not inferior and men are not 'the norm'- typical pattern & expected. 

Why has the internet been effective in feminist campaigns? 

The internet has been effective in the feminist campaigns as the social media lets women share their experiences faster and wider than ever, and that is fueling a new 'highly personal mass movement.' For example, in the article it stated that they did a picture-based storytelling, and marketing professionals are using it as a case study already. It further states that In a world without Facebook, that idea would live and die in a few 'radical' magazines. Now, it gets shared and imitated round the world. Internet has been effective as the social media is about sharing your personal experiences, and this can reach out to thousands or millions of people and your voice can be heard. If it seems important people can stand with you and there can be actions!

What is your opinion on page 3 of the sun still featuring a half-naked young woman in 2013? 

I feel it shouldn't be featured on the newspaper at all! It is firstly a disturbing sight to see for the young boys who go to school. Even though they may not read the newspaer, but as there parents may buy it they can easily notice the image on page-3. This is effects the childs mind at a young age, and will think of women being represented in that kind of way. Moreover, in the article it stated how a women saw the image of this centuries women and felt bad and pressured that she needs to look like that too. This can strongly discourage fellow people, and have a bad impact. There is no need to have an image like that on a British newspaper, it should be an option if people want to see imagery like that they can watch it somewhere else! But it shouldn't be publicly sold like that! 

Televisa

HISTORY: Grupo Televisa was founded in 1955 previously names Telesistema Mexicano, this linked Mexico's first three TV's stations called: XHTV-TV (founded in 1950), XEW-TV (founded in 1951) and XHGC-TV (1952). It was owned by the Azcarrage family from the Veneszuelan Family Cisneros, who signed on Mexico's first ever radio station, XEW-AM, in 1930. The headquaters which is known as Televicentro, was originally located on Avenida Chapultepec in downtown Mexico City, the building opened on February 10th 1952.

In December 1997, Televisa joined with other Mexican media companies to create a marathon known as Teleton, whose mission is to provide knowledge about physical disabilities, giving a strong message about respect, equality and support to people in these conditions. This movement from media, enterprises and Mexicans is reflected in the buildings created with the money from this Marathon, named Centros de Rehabilitación Infantil (CRIT). It is said that sponsors use it as a way to deduce taxes as the Teletón takes place at the end of the fiscal year and therefore allows companies to deduce their donations before declaring their incomes.

MEDIA PRODUCTS TELEVISA OWN AND PRODUCE:  Grupo Televisa is the second largest media conglomerate in Latin America behind Organizações Globo, with interests in television production and broadcasting, programming for pay television, international distribution of television programming, direct-to-home satellite services, publishing and publishing distribution, cable television, radio production and broadcasting, professional sports and show business promotions, paging services, feature film production and distribution, dubbing, and the operation of a horizontal Internet portal. Televisa's telenovelas generally run only one season and are broadcast internationally. The conglomerate has partially to complete interest in the following companies:

Televisa also operates a subsidiary called Televisa Networks (it's still often recognized within the entertainment industry by its previous moniker, Visat). This subsidiary is responsible for the distribution of Televisa programmes by satellite. It is Televisa Networks that distributes the Canal de las Estrellas signal through satellite to Europe, Australia, and New Zealand. Other channels under the Televisa Networks umbrella include:

• American Network (HD) - features US programs from different networks associated with Televisa.
• Bandamax- a Banda, Norteño and Regional Mexican music station.
• Canal de las Estrellas (HD) (Channel Of The Stars) - General Programming, Soap Operas, News and Sports.
• Golden and Golden Edge (HD) - movie service, showcasing Hollywood blockbusters and other films.
• Clásico TV - Shows popular TV shows from the past, specially sitcoms and children shows.
• De Pelicula - Mexican film channel focused in newest movies.
• De Pelicula Clasico - Mexican film channel focused in old movies.
• Ritmoson Latino- a Spanish language music videos station focused in tropical music (salsa, bachata, reggaetton, etc.)
• TL Novelas - a network devoted to classic telenovelas (soap operas).
• TeleHit - a channel devoted to pop music and comedic shows that usually are not safe secure to be shown in open TV.
• Telenovela Channel - is a telenovela-based cable channel in the Phillippines network owned by Twenty Plus Incorporated with the partnership of Televisa. The channel operates non-stop 24/7.
• Televisa Deportes Network (HD) - Sports Channel that is often distributed in premium cable services. Shows European soccer leagues (France and Spain) and tournaments of sports not so popular in Mexico.
• Unicable - features programming by Univision and Originals Productions.

Featured Channels

• Telemundo Latin America - features programming by Telemundo
• BBC Entertainment Latin America - features programming by BBC
• CBeebies Latin America - features programming by CBeebies of BBC

Televisa also operates Televisa Radio, under the brand name of "W Radio México"; it is primarily a news and talk station.

Televisa operated Noticias ECO, a 24-hour news channel, between 1988 and 2001.

It operated Galavision Europa, features programming by Televisa and Univision, the channel name was changed in 2006 and is now Canal de las Estrellas in Europe, Australia, and New Zealand.

INTERNET PRODUCTS THEY OWN: Televisa provides programming throughout Mexico through four networks through local affiliates. 253 Mexican local television stations (54.8% of the total commercial stations) air programming from all four terrestrial networks.

The four Televisa networks are:

Network	Flagship	Programming
Canal de las Estrellas	XEW 2	general programming, sports, first-run telempvelas, and news
Camal 5	XHGC 5	youth-oriented programming, American series, and movies
Gala TV	XEQ 9	telenovelas reruns, sports, and comedy shows
FOROtv	XHTV 4	all news channel, talk, and debate programming

FINANCIAL: 

Revenue	US$ 5.3 billion (2012)
Profit	US$ 672.7 million (2012)

FUTURE PLANS: 

PROJECTS FOR 2013: As it has been traditionally done for the last years, Emilio Azcárraga Jean, Grupo Televisa's Chairman, was interviewed during Joaquin López-Doriga's prime time newscast, in iN order to provide the audience with a summary of the results obtained by the company along 2012, as well as the future plans for this 2013.

"2012 has been a year of achievements and positive results for the company, and we will continue keeping contact with all our audiences in 2013" said Emilio Azcárraga Jean at the press interview.

Young People

The young people are a very important target audience for Televisa, and it is of major importance to create new projects addressed to them. Hence, in 2012  some new productions were launched, like "Sin filtro", a show aired by FOROtv; "Creadores" a co-production with the Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (Mexico's National Autonomous University) and the series "Nueva Vida" which tackles topics, such as pregnancy, from different perspectives.

Sports

Great challenges are to come inside the sports area. A special and thorough coverage will be made on the most important sports events that will be held throughout 2013.

Furthermore, during this 2013, a social network platform dedicated solely to soccer calledViva Fut will be launched, which will bring the audience closer to content on this sport:  Photographs, videos, opinions on Mexican and international teams.

Telenovelas

Regarding the Telenovelas, the following projects are currently being produced: "Travesuras de la niña mala", a story based on Mario Vargas Llosa's book, as well as Xavier Velasco's best seller "El diablo guardián".

"I believe the combination of having these great novels written by Latin American writers brought to the TV screen, will be a great success", said Emilio Azcárraga Jean during the interview.